The most-discussed peptide in the class and the only one with two independent Western in-vitro confirmations (2025) plus a formal FDA advisory review (2026).
Extract counterpart: Epithalamin — pineal-gland peptide complex (registered RU bioregulator). The Kopylov 2017 paper (AEDG identified within the extract complex) is the only direct bridge between extract and synthetic.
Extract vs synthetic gap: the human outcome data (including the
266-patient mortality cohort) was collected on extracts; vendors sell synthetic fragments.
No head-to-head trial exists — evidence does not transfer between them.
Details →
Khavinson studies (127 matched, 1979–2022)
Keyword-filtered from the 472-publication database (khavinson.info). EXTRACT/SYNTHETIC
tags are title-text heuristics — verification is on the reader. Full tag legend:
evidence-tiers.html
[7] Vladimir N. Anisimov, Vladimir Kh. Khavinson. Pineal Peptides as Modulators of Aging. // Aging Interventions and Therapies. - World Scientific. - Suresh I.S. Rattan (ed.). - 2005. - P. 127-146. (2005)untag
[10] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G., Anisimov V.N. Experimental Studies of the Pineal Gland Preparation Epithalamin. // The Pineal Gland and Cancer. - Bartsch C., Bartsch H., Blask D.E., Cardinali D.P., Hrushesky W.J.M., Mecke D. (Eds.) - Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. - 2001. - P. 294-306. (2001)syn
[5] [Gutop E.O., Linkova N.S., Kozhevnikova E.O., Fridman N.V., Ivko O.M., Khavinson V.Kh. AEDG Peptide Prevents Oxidative Stress in the Model of Induced Aging of Skin Fibroblasts. // Advances in Gerontology. – 2022. – Vol. 12, No. 2. – P. 143-148.](https://khavinson.info/assets/files/skan/2022-gutop.pdf) DOI: 10.1134/S2079057022020096 (2022)synDOI:10.1134/S2079057022020096[PDF]
[11] [Ivko O.M., Drobintseva A.O., Leont’eva D.O., Kvetnoy I.M., Polyakova V.O., Linkova N.S. Influence of AEDG and KE Peptides on Mitochondrial Staining and the Expression of Ribosomal Protein L7A with Aging of the Human Pineal Gland and Thymus Cell In Vitro. // Advances in Gerontology. – 2021. – Vol. 11, No 3. – P. 261-267.](https://khavinson.info/assets/files/skan/2021-ivko.pdf) DOI: 10.1134/S207905 (2021)untagDOI:10.1134/S2079057021030061[PDF]
[15] Khavinson V., Linkova N., Ivko O. AEDG Peptide Regulates the Expression of Circadian Genes Clock, Cry2, Csnk1e in Human Immune Cells. // World Heart Journal. – 2021. – Vol. 13, Iss. 1. – P. 189-191. (2021)untag[PDF]
[25] [Khavinson V., Diomede F., Mironova E., Linkova N., Trofimova S., Trubiani O., Caputi S., Sijari B. AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Posible Epigenetic Mechanism. // Molecules. – 2020. – Vol. 25, Issue 3, 609. – 17 p.](https://khavinson.info/assets/files/skan/2020-khavinson_diomede.pdf) DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030609 (2020)untagDOI:10.3390/molecules25030609[PDF]
[35] [Khavinson V.Kh., Pendina A.A., Efimova O.F., Tikhonov A.V., Koltsova A.S., Krapivin M.I., Petrovskaia-Kaminskaia A.V., Petrova L.I., Lin’kova N.S., Baranov V.S. Effect of Peptide AEDG on Telomere Length and Mitotic Index of PHA-Stimulated Human Blood Lymphocytes. // Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine. – 2019. – N 3, November. – P. 141-144.](https://khavinson.info/assets/files/skan/2019-kha (n.d.)untagDOI:10.1007/s10517-019-04664-0[PDF]
[47] Khavinson V.K., Kopylov A.T., Vaskovsky B.V., Ryzhak G.A., Lin'kova N.S. Identification of Peptide AEDG in the Polypeptide Complex of the Pineal Gland. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. – 2017. – Vol. 164, N 1. – P. 41-43. (2017)untag[PDF]
[52] Trofimova S.V., Linkova N.S., Klimenko A.A., Kvetnaia T.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Pineamin Increases Melatonin Synthesis in Pineal Gland of Elderly People. // Advances in Gerontology. – 2017. – Vol. 7, N 4. – P. 319-322. (2017)untag[PDF]
[54] Bondarev I.E., Khavinson V.Kh. Suppression of Alternative Telomere Lengthening in Cancer Cells with Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. // Advances in Gerontology. – 2016. – Vol. 6, No 4. – P. 272-274. (2016)untag[PDF]
[91] Arutjunyan A., Kozina L., Stvolinskiy S., Bulygina Y., Mashkina A., Khavinson V. Pinealon prorects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia. // International Journal of Clinical Experimental Medicine. - 2012. - Vol. 5, N 2. - P. 179-185. (2012)untag[PDF]
[93] Khavinson V.Kh., Linkova N.S. Morphofunctional and Molecular Bases of Pineal Gland Aging. // Human Physiology. - 2012. - Vol. 38, N 1. - P. 101-107. (2012)untag[PDF]
[95] [Khavinson V.Kh., Linkova N.S., Kvetnoy I.M., Kvetnaia T.V., Polyakova V.O., Korf H.-W. Molecular Cellular Mechanisms of Peptide Regulation of Melatonin Synthesis in Pinealocyte Culture. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2012. - Vol. 153, N 2. - P. 255-258](https://khavinson.info/assets/files/2012-Khavinson_Linkova_Kvetnoy.pdf) . (2012)ext[PDF]
[103] Zamorskii I.I., Sopova I.Yu., Khavinson V.Kh. Effect of Melatonin and Epithalamin on the Content of Protein and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Rat Cortex and Hippocampus under Conditions of Acute Hypoxia. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine_. -_ 2012\. - Vol. 154. N 1 - P. 51-53. (2012)untag[PDF]
[108] Khavinson V.Kh., Linkova N.S., Chalisova N.I., Dudkov A.V., Koncevaya E.A. Effect of Short Peptides on Expression of Signaling Molecules in Organotypic Pineal Cell Culture. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine). - 2011. - N 3, November. - P. 138-141. (2011)untag[PDF]
[113] Khavinson V., Ribakova Y., Kulebiakin K., Vladychenskaya E., Kozina L., Arutjunyan A., Boldyrev A. Pinealon Increases Cell Viability by Suppression of Free Radical Levels and Activating Proliferative Processes. // Rejuvenation Research. - 2011. - Vol. 14, N 5. - P. 535-541. (2011)untag[PDF]
[116] Linkova N.S., Khavinson V.Kh., Chalisova N.I., Katanugina A.S., Koncevaya E.A. Peptidergic Stimulation of Differentiation of Pineal Immune Cells. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine). - 2011. - N 3, November. - P. 124-127. (2011)untag[PDF]
[119] Polyakova V.O., Linkova N.S., Kvetnoy I.M., Khavinson V.Kh. Functional Unity of the Thymus and Pineal Gland and Study of the Mechanisms of Aging. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2011. - Vol. 151, N 5. - P. 627-630. (2011)syn[PDF]
[128] Kozina L.S., Arutjunyn A.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Antioxidant properties of geroprotective peptides of the pineal gland. // Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. - 2007. - Suppl. 1. - P. 213-216. (2007)syn
[133] Korkushko O.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Shatilo V.B., Antonyuk-Shcheglova I.A. Geroprotective Effect of Epithalamine (Pineal Gland Peptide Preparation) in Elderly Subjects with Accelerated Aging. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2006. - Vol. 142, N 3. - P. 356-359. (2006)ext
[134] Goncharova N.D., Vengerin A.A., Khavinson V.Kh., Lapin B.A. Pineal peptides restore the age-related disturbances in hormonal functions of the pineal gland and the pancreas. // Experimental Gerontology. - 2005. - Vol. 40. - P. 51-57. (2005)untag
[142] Korkushko O.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Shatilo V.B., Magdich L.V. Effect of Peptide Preparation Epithalamin on Circadian Rhythm of Epiphyseal Melatonin-Producing Function in Elderly People. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2004. - Vol. 137, N 4. - P. 389-391. (2004)untag
[143] Labunets I.F., Butenko G.M., Khavinson V.Kh. Effects of Bioactive Factors of the Pineal Gland on Thymus Function and Cell Composition of the Bone Marrow and Spleen in Mice of Different Age. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2004. - Vol. 137, N 5. - P. 620-622. (2004)untag
[144] [Labunets I.F., Butenko G.M., Magdich L.V., Korkushko O.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Shatilo V.B. Effect of Epithalamin on Circadian Relationship between the Endocrine Function of the Thymus and Melatonin-Producing Function of the Pineal Gland in Elderly People. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2004. - Vol. 137, N 5. - P. 617-619.](https://khavinson.info/downloads/2004-Labunets_Butenko_ (n.d.)syn
[146] [Raikhlin N.T., Bukaeva I.A., Smirnova E.A., Yarilin A.A., Sharova N.I., Mitneva M.M., Khavinson V.Kh., Polyakova V.O., Trofimov A.V., Kvetnoi I.M. Expression of Argyrophilic Proteins in the Nucleolar Organizer Regions of Human Thymocytes and Thymic Epitheliocytes under Conditions of Coculturing with Vilon and Epithalon Peptides. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2004. - Vol. 137 (n.d.)ext[PDF]
[147] Trofimova S.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Effect of Epitalon on Free Radical Oxidation Processes in Campbell Rats. // 5th International Symposium on Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - Monte Carlo, Monaco. - Medimond. - 2004. - P. 273-276. (2004)syn
[148] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Popovich I.G., Zabezhinski M.A., Alimova I.N., Rosenfeld S.V., Zavarzina N.Yu., Semenchenko A.V., Yashin A.I. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. // Biogerontology. - 2003. - N 4. - P. 193-202. (2003)untag
[149] Djeridane Y, Khavinson V.Kh., Anisimov V.N., Touitou Y. Effect of synthetic pineal tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) on melatonin secretion by the pineal gland of young and old rats. // Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. - 2003. - Vol. 26, N 3. - P. 211-215. (2003)untag
[151] Khavinson V.Kh., Bondarev I.E., Butyugov A.A. Epithalon Peptide Induces Telomerase Activity and Telomere Elongation in Human Somatic Cells. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2003. - Vol. 135, N 6. - P. 590-592. (2003)untag[PDF]
[152] Khavinson V.Kh, Lezhava T.A., Monaselidze J.R., Jokhadze T.A., Dvalis N.A., Bablishvili N.K., Trofimova S.V. Peptide Epitalon activates chromatin at the old age. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2003. - Vol. 24, N 5. - P. 329-333. (2003)untag
[153] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2003. - Vol. 24, N 3/4 - P. 233-240. (2003)untag[PDF]
[154] Khavinson V.Kh., Razumovsky M.I., Trofimova S.V., Razumovskaya A.M. Retinoprotective Effect of Epithalon in Campbell Rats of Various Ages. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2003. - Vol. 135, N 5. - P. 495-498. (2003)syn
[157] Kossoy G., Zandbank J., Tendler E., Anisimov V., Khavinson V., Popovich I., Zabezhinski M., Zusman I., Ben-Hur H. Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis in rats: Proliferative activity and apoptosis in colon tumors and mucosa. // International Journal of Molecular Medicine. - 2003. - Vol. 12, N 4. - P. 473-477. (2003)syn
[160] Anisimov S.V., Bokheler K.R., Khavinson V.Kh., Anisimov V.N. Studies of the Effects of Vilon and Epithalon on Gene Expression in Mouse Heart using DNA-Microarray Technology. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 133, N 3. - P. 293-299. (2002)ext[PDF]
[161] [Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Alimova I.N., Provintsiali M., Manchini R., Francheski K. Epithalon Inhibits Tumor Growth and Expression of HER-2/neu Oncogene in Breast Tumors in Transgenic Mice Characterized by Accelerated Aging. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 133, N 2. - P. 167-170.](https://khavinson.info/downloads/2002-Anisimov_Khavinson_Alimova_Provintsiali. (2002)untag
[162] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Alimova I.N., Semchenko A.V., Yashin A.I. Epithalon Decelerates Aging and Suppresses Development of Breast Adenocarcinomas in Transgenic _HER-2/neu_ Mice. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 134, N 2. - P. 187-190. (2002)untag
[163] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Popovich I.G., Zabezhinski M.A. Inhibitory effect of peptide Epitalon on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. // Cancer Letters. - 2002. - Vol. 183. - P. 1-8. (2002)syn
[164] [Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Provinciali M., Alimova I.N., Baturin D.A., Popovich I.G., Zabezhinski M.A., Imyanitov E.N., Mancini R., Franceschi C. Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/NEU transgenic mice. // International Journal of Cancer. - 2002. - Vol. 101. - P. 7-10.](https://khavinson.info/downloads/2002-Anisimov_Khavinson_Pr (n.d.)untag
[167] Khavinson V.Kh., Egorova V.V., Timofeeva N.M., Malinin V.V., Gordova L.A., Gromova L.V. Effect of Vilon and Epithalon on Glucose and Glycine Absorption in Various Regions of Small Intestine in Aged Rats. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 133. N 5. - P. 494-496. (2002)untag
[168] Khavinson V.Kh., Korneva E.A., Malinin V.V., Rybakina E.G., Pivanovich I.Yu., Shanin S.N. Effect of Epitalon on Interleukin-1ß Signal Transduction and the Reaction of Thymocyte Blast Transformation Under Stress. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2002. - Vol. 23, N 5/6. - P. 411-416. (2002)untag
[171] Khavinson V.Kh., Malinin V.V., Timofeeva N.M., Egorova V.V., Nikitina A.A. Effects of Epithalon on Activities Gastrointestinal Enzymes in Young and Old Rats. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 133, N 3. - P. 290-292. (2002)syn
[173] Khavinson V.Kh., Razumovskii M.I., Trofimova S.V., Grigor’yan R.A., Chaban T.V., Oleinik T.L., Razumovskaya A.M. Effect of Epithalon on Age-Specific Changes in the Retina in Rats with Hereditary Pigmentary Dystrophy. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 133, N 1. - P. 87-89. (2002)syn
[174] Khavinson V., Razumovsky M., Trofimova S., Grigorian R., Razumovskaya A. Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2002. - Vol. 23, N 4. - P. 365-368. (2002)syn
[176] Khavinson V.Kh., Timofeeva N.M., Malinin V.V., Gordova L.A., Nikitina A.A. Effect of Vilon and Epithalon on Activity of Enzymes in Epithelial and Subepithelial Layers in Small Intestine of Old Rats. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 134, N 6. - P. 562-564. (2002)ext
[178] Rosenfeld S.V., Togo E.F., Mikheev V.S., Popovich I.G., Zabezhinskii A.M., Khavinson V.Kh., Anisimov V.N. Effect of Epithalon on the Incidence of Chromosome Aberrations in Senescence-Accelerated Mice. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 133, N 3. - P. 274-276. (2002)syn
[179] Sibarov D.A., Kovalenko R.I., Malinin V.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Epitalon influences pineal secretion in stress-exposed rats in the daytime. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2002. - Vol. 23, N 5/6. - P. 452-454. (2002)untag
[180] Anisimov V.N., Arutjunyan A.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Effects of pineal peptide preparation Epithalamin on free-radical processes in humans and animals. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2001. - Vol. 22. N 1. - P. 9-18. (2001)untag
[181] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Mikhalski A.I., Yashin A.I. Effect of synthetic thymic and pineal peptides on biomarkers of ageing, survival and spontaneous tumour incidence in female CBA mice. // Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - 2001. - Vol. 122, N 1. - P. 41-68. (2001)untag
[184] Goncharova N.D., Khavinson V.Kh., Lapin B.A. Regulatory Effect of Epithalon on Production of Melatonin and Cortisol in Old Monkeys. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2001. - Vol. 131, N 4. - P. 394-396. (2001)ext
[186] Khavinson V., Goncharova N., Lapin B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2001. - Vol. 22, N 4 - P. 251-254. (2001)untag
[187] Khavinson V.Kh., Konovalov S.S., Yuzhakov V.V., Popuchiev V.V., Kvetnoi I.M. Modulating Effects of Epithalamin and Epithalon on the Functional Morphology of the Spleen in Old Pinealectomized Rats. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2001. - Vol. 132, N 5. - P. 1116-1120. (2001)untag
[190] Khavinson V.Kh., Yakovleva N.D., Popuchiev V.V., Kvetnoi I.M., Manokhina R.P. Reparative Effect of Epithalon on Pineal Gland Ultrastructure in γ-Irradiated Rats. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2001. - Vol. 131, N 1. - P. 81-85. (2001)untag
[191] Khavinson V.Kh., Yuzhakov V.V., Kvetnoi I.M., Malinin V.V., Popuchiev V.V., Fomina N.K. Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Analysis of Effects of Vilon and Epithalon on Functional Morphology of Radiosensitive Organs. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2001. - Vol. 131, N 3. - P. 285-292. (2001)untag
[196] Khavinson V.Kh., Izmailov D.M., Obukhova L.K., Malinin V.V. Effect of epitalon on the lifespan increase in _Drosophila melanogaster_. // Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - 2000. - Vol. 120. - P. 141-149. (2000)untag
[199] Khavinson V.Kh., Myl’nikov S.V. Effect of Epithalone on the Age-Specific Changes in the Time Course of Lipid Peroxidation in _Drosophila melanogaster_. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2000. - Vol. 130, N 11. - P. 1116-1119. (2000)ext
[200] Khavinson V.Kh., Myl’nikov S.V. Effect of Pineal Tetrapeptide on Antioxidant Defense in _Drosophila melanogaster_. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2000. - Vol. 129, N 4. - P. 355-356. (2000)untag
[201] Khavinson V.Kh., Popuchiev V.V., Kvetnoii I.M., Yuzhakov V.V., Kotlova L.N. Regulating Effect of Epithalone on Gastric Endocrine Cells in Pinealectomized Rats. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2000. - Vol. 130, N 12. - P. 1169-1171. (2000)untag
[207] Anisimov V.N., Mylnikov S.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin increases the lifespan of fruit flies, mice and rats. // Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - 1998. - Vol. 103. - P. 123-132. (1998)ext[PDF]
[211] Anisimov V.N., Arutyunyan A.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Effects of Melatonin and Epithalamin on the System of Antioxidant Defence in Rats. // Doclady Biological Sciences. - 1997. - Vol. 352. - P. 37-38. (1997)untag
[213] Anisimov V.N., Mylnikov S.V., Oparina T.I., Khavinson V.Kh. Effect of melatonin and pineal peptide preparation epithalamin on life span and free radical oxidation in _Drosophila melanogaster_. // Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - 1997. - Vol. 97. - P. 81-91. (1997)untag
[214] Dyatlov R.V., Krasovskaya I.E., Ekhvalova T.V., Lyzlova L.V., Lyzlova S.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Anisimov V.N. Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, Epithalamin and Glutathione by _in vitro_ Luminol-dependent Chemiluminescence. // Doclady Biological Sciences. - 1997. - Vol. 356. - P. 425-426. (1997)untag
[217] [Alexandrov V.A., Bespalov V.G., Morozov V.G., Khavinson V.Kh., Anisimov V.N. Study of the post-natal effects of chemopreventive agents on ethylnitrosourea-induced transplacental carcinogenesis in rats. II. Influence of low-molecular-weight polypeptide factors from the thymus, pineal gland, bone marrow, anterior hypothalamus, brain cortex and brain white substance. // Carcinogenesis. - 1996. - Vol (n.d.)untag
[218] Anisimov V.N., Arutyunyan A.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Melatonin and Epithalamin Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation in Rats. // Doclady Biological Sciences. - 1996. - Vol. 348. - P. 213-214. (1996)ext
[219] Anisimov V.N., Prokopenko V.M., Khavinson V.Kh. Melatonin and Epithalamin Inhibit Free-Radical Oxidation in Rats. // Doclady Biological Sciences. - 1995. - Vol. 343. - P. 356-357. (1995)ext
[220] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Twenty Years of Study on Effects of Pineal Peptide Preparation: Epithalamin in Experimental Gerontology and Oncology. // Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - 1994. - Vol. 719. - P. 483-493. (1994)untag
[221] Vaskovsky B.V., Kishinevski R.N., Miklhaleva I.I., Ivanov V.T., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G., Mikhaltsov A.N., Anisimov V.N. Bioactive peptides from bovine pineal gland and bone marrow extracts. // «Chemistry of Peptides and Proteins» DWI Report: Aachen. - 1993. - Vol. 5/6, Part B. - P. 308-316. (1993)ext
[222] Anisimov V.N., Bondarenko L.A., Khavinson V.Kh. Effect of Pineal Peptide Preparation (Epithalamin) on Life Span and Pineal and Serum Melatonin Level in Old Rats. // Annals of the New York Academy Sciences. - 1992. - Vol. 673. - P. 53-57. (1992)ext
[223] Anisimov V.N., Bondarenko L.A., Khavinson V.Kh. The Pineal Peptides: Interaction with Indoles and the Role in Aging and Cancer. // Neuroendocrinology: New Frontiers. - London, Tübingen. - 1990. - P. 317-325. (1990)ext
[224] Anisimov V.N., Loktionov A.S., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Effect of low-molecular-weight factors of thymus and pineal gland on life span and spontaneous tumour development in female mice of different age. // Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - 1989. - Vol. 49. - P. 245-257. (1989)syn
[225] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Carcinogenesis and aging. IV. Effect of low-molecular-weight factors of thymus, pineal gland and anterior hypothalamus on immunity, tumor incidence and life span of C3H/Sn mice. // Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - 1982. - Vol. 19. - P. 245-258. (1982)untag
[227] Dilman V.M., Anisimov V.N., Ostroumova M.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Increase in lifespan of rats following polypeptide pineal extract treatment. // Experimentelle Pathologie. - 1979. - Bd. 17, N 9. - P. 539-545. (1979)untag
[228] Dilman V.M., Anisimov V.N., Ostroumova M.N., Morozov V.G., Khavinson V.Kh., Azarova M.A. Study of the Anti-Tumor Effect of Polypeptide Pineal Extract. // Oncology. - 1979. - Vol. 36, N 6. - P. 274-280.](https://khavinson.info/downloads/1979-Dilman-Stady.pdf) [Other Publications (1979)ext
[4] Khavinson V.Kh., Linkova N.S., Gutop E.O., Ivko O.M. AEDG, KE Geroprotective Peptides – Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress Regulators. // Virtual meeting “Telomeres & Telomerase”. – Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, USA. – 14-17.12.2021. – Abstr. – P. 111. (2021)syn[PDF]
[17] [Khavinson V., Ivko O., Linkova N., Polyakova V., Kvetnoy I., Orlova O., Rahbani S. Epitide Increases Pineal Gland Activity in Seniors. // International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics European Region. Congress 2019. – Sweden, Gothenburg. – 23-25.05.2019. – Official IAGG-ER 2019 website. – 1 p.](https://khavinson.info/assets/files/skan/epitide-increases-pineal-gland-activity-in-seniors.p (2019)untag[PDF]
[25] Khavinson V., Linkova N., Trofimova S., Rahbani S. Senescence Aspects of Proliferation and Apoptosis of Pinealocytes. // BIT’s 9th World Gene Convention-2018. – Singapore. – 13-15.11.2018. – Abstr. Book. – P. 91. (2018)untag
[30] Korkushko O., Shatylo V., Khavinson V. Fifteen-year Experience in Application of Pineal Gland Peptides in Elderly Subjects. // 21st International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) World Congress «Global Aging and Health: Bridging Science, Policy and Practice». – San Francisco, California, USA. – 2017. – Innovation in Aging: Abstr. – P. 780. (n.d.)untag
[32] Sall T.S., Tarnovskaya S.I., Linkova N.S., Khavinson V.Kh. Effect of KE, EW, AEDG Peptides on Neuroendocrine System. // VI International symposium “Interactions of the Nervous and Immune Systems in Health and Disease”. – Russia, Saint Petersburg. – 2017. – Abstr. – P. 67-68. (2017)syn
[45] Shatilo V., Antonjuk-Shcheglova I., Korkushko O., Khavinson V., Bondarenko E. Reduced pineal melatonin production and insulin resistance in elderly subjects. // The International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics European Region 8-th Congress. Dublin 2015. – Irish, Dublin. – 2015. – Irish Ageing Studies Review: Abstr. – Vol. 6, Iss. 1. – P. 254. (2015)untag
[64] Khavinson V. Telomere Lengthening by the Bioregulating Peptide. // 3rd Swiss International Congress in Anti Aging and Aesthetic Medicine and Surgery 2012. - Geneva, Switzerland. - 2012. - Abstr. - P. 104-105. (2012)ext
[71] Arutyunian A., Bondarev A., Khavinson V., Kozina L. Excitotoxicity induced by homocysteine in neuronal and immune competent cells is prevented by synthetic peptide pinealon: mechanism of action and possible clinical application. // VII European Congress Healthy and Active Ageing for All Europeans - II. - Bologna, Italy. - Abstr.: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. - 2011. - Vol. 23, Suppl. (n.d.)syn
[80] Korkushko O.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Shatylo V.B., Antoniuk-Shcheglova I.A. Follow-up results of long-term application of “epithalamin” (peptide preparation from pineal gland) in elderly patients with coronary artery disease: A 15-year study. // 7th European Congress of Biogerontology. - Palermo, Italy. - Abstr. - 2010. - P. 38. (n.d.)ext
[86] Korkushko O., Khavinson V., Shatilo V., Antonjuk-Shcheglova I. Long-term use of pineal gland (PG) preparation epithalamin reduces mortality rates among elderly coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. // 19 th IAGG World Congress of Gerontology and Geriatrics. - Paris. - Abstr.: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - 2009. - Vol. 13. - P. 238-239. (n.d.)ext
[89] Khavinson V., Malinin V. Pineal Gland and Ageing. // 6 th European Congress of Biogerontology 2008. Ageing and individual life history. - Noordwijkerhout, the Netherlands. - Abstr. book. - 2008. - P. 40. (2008)untag
[90] Korkushko O.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Shatilo V.B. Correction of the Circadian Rhythm of the Blood Plasma Melatonin Concentration in Elderly People with the Use of Pineal Gland Peptide Preparations. // 6 th European Congress of Biogerontology 2008. Ageing and individual life history. - Noordwijkerhout, the Netherlands. - Abstr. book. - 2008. - P. 136. (2008)ext
[111] Khavinson V., Bondarev I., Butyugov A., Smirnova T. Peptide promotes the escape of normal human cells from proliferation limit. // EMBO Workshop / 58 th Harden Conference “Telomeres and Genome Stability” - London, Cambridge, Robinson College, UK. - Abstr.: The Biochemical Society. - 2004. - P. 15. (2004)untag
[112] Trofimova S.V., Khavinson V.Kh. The influence of epitalon on free radical oxidation in campbell rats. // 5 th International Symposium on Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - Monte Carlo, Monaco. - Program and abstr. - 2004. - A.48. (2004)syn
[114] Bondarev I., Khavinson V. Induction of telomerase activity and telomeres elongation in human fetal fibroblasts by synthetic peptide epitalon. // Conference “Telomeres & Telomerase”. - Cold Spring Harbor, New York. -2003. - P. 27. (2003)syn
[115] Bondarev I.E., Khavinson V.Kh. Induction of telomerase activity and telomeres elongation in human fetal fibroblasts by synthetic peptide epitalon. // International Ecologic Forum. - St.Petersburg, Russia. - Abstr.: Environment and human health. - 2003. - P. 497. (2003)syn
[116] Goncharova N.D., Oganian T.E., Vengerin A.A., Lapin B.A., Khavinson V.Kh. Age-related changes of pineal function and possible ways for their overcoming. // International Ecologic Forum. - St.Petersburg, Russia. - Abstr.: Environment and human health. - 2003. - P. 512. (2003)untag
[123] Korkushko O., Khavinson V., Shatilo V. The results of long-term use of epithalamin, a polypeptide pineal extract, in accelerated ageing subjects. // V European Congress of Gerontology. - Barcelona, Spain. - Abstr.: Geriatria y gerontologia. - 2003. - Vol. 38, supl. 1. - P. 109. (2003)ext
[127] Trofimova S., Khavinson V. Effect of epitalon on retinitis pigmentosa in elderly patients. // V European Congress of Gerontology. - Barcelona, Spain. - Abstr.: Geriatria y gerontologia. - 2003. - Vol. 38, supl. 1. - P. 34. (2003)syn
[128] Trofimova S.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Razumovsky M.I., Razumovskaya A.M. Study of the retina-protective effect of epitalon in campbell rats. // First Seri-Arvo meeting on research in Vision and Ophthalmology. - Singapore. - Program and abstr. - 2003. - P. 105. (2003)syn
[129] Yuzhakov V.V., Fomina N.K., Konovalov S.S., Kvetnoy I.M., Khavinson V.Kh. Inhibiting effect of epithalon on sarcoma M-1 in rats. // International Ecologic Forum. - St.Petersburg, Russia. - Abstr.: Environment and human health. - 2003. - P. 555-556. (2003)syn
[130] Anisimov S.V., Boheler K.R., Khavinson V.Kh., Anisimov V.N. Small peptides epitalon and vilon slow aging in CBA mice: microarray analysis of gene expression. // Meeting “Molecular genetics of aging”. - Cold Spring Harbor, New York. - Abstr. - 2002. - P. 14. (2002)syn
[132] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Zavarzina N.Yu., Zabezhinski M.A., Popovich I.G., Anisimov S.V., Boheler K.R., Petrov N.N. Effect of Melatonin, Vilon and Epitalon on Life Span and Expression of 15,247 Genes in CBA Mice. // 1 st Conference on Functional Genomics of Ageing. - Seville, Spain. - Abstr. - 2002. - P68. (n.d.)syn
[133] Arutjunyan A., Anisimov V., Khavinson V. Effects of Epithalamin on free radical processes in humans. // VI European Congress of Clinical gerontology. - Moscow, Russia. - Abstr. - 2002. - P. 11-12. (2002)ext
[135] Goncharova N., Lapin B., Oganian T., Vengerin A., Khavinson V. Age disorders of the endocrine functions and perspectives of their corrections. // Arutjunyan A., Anisimov V., Khavinson V. Effects of epithalamin on free radical processes in humans // VI European Congress of Clinical gerontology. - Moscow, Russia. - Abstr.: - 2002. - P. 59. (n.d.)ext
[140] Khavinson V., Razumovsky M., Trofimova S., Razumovskaya A. Effect of peptide epitalon on the functional activity and morphologic structure of the retina in campbell rats with retinitis pigmentosa. // 4 th International Symposium on Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics - ISOPP. - Seville, Spain. - Program and abstr. - 2002. - P. 10. (n.d.)syn
[141] Korkushko O., Khavinson V., Shatilo V. Peptide preparations from thymus and pineal gland may be used for slowing-down of accelerated human aging. // 3 rd European Congress of Biogerontology. The Biogerontological Basis of Preventive Medicine and Geriatric Practice. - Florence and Montecatini Terme, Italy. - Abstr.: Biogerontology. - 2002. - Vol. 3, Suppl. 1. - P. 65. (n.d.)ext
[144] Trofimova S.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Application of Epitalon in the Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. // Valencia Forum. - Valencia, Spain. - Abstr. - 2002. - P. 57. (2002)syn
[148] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh. Effects of pineal peptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly on life span and carcinogenesis in mice and rats. // 9 th Congress International Association of Biomedical Gerontology. - Vancouver, Canada. -Progr. and Abstr. - 2001. -P. 69. (2001)untag
[149] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh. The effect of pineal peptides on aging and cancer. // Voraussetzungen «gesunden» Alterns. Annual meeting of the Society on the Biology of Aging (1. Section of DGGG). - Hamburg, Germany. - Abstr. - 2001. - P. 16. (2001)untag
[150] Arutjunyan A.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Effects of Pineal Peptides on Free Radical Processes in Ageing. // 17 th World Congress of the International Association of Gerontology. - Vancouver, Canada. - Abstr.: Gerontology. - 2001. - Vol. 47, Suppl. 1. - P. 308. (2001)untag
[154] Goncharova N.D., Khavinson V.Kh., Lapin B.A. Epitalon stimulates melatonin production and restores circadian rhythm of cortisol in old rhesus monkeys. // 9 th Congress International Association of Biomedical Gerontology. - Vancouver, Canada. - Progr. and Abstr. - 2001. - N 65. (2001)syn
[159] Khavinson V.Kh., Malinin V.V., Grigoriev E.I. Geroprotective action of tetrapeptide epitalon. // Regional ISNE Congress. - St. Petersburg - Progr. and Abstr.: Phychopharmacology and Biological Narcology. - 2001. - P. 111. (2001)syn
[163] Popovich I.G., Zabezhinski M.A., Khavinson V.Kh., Anisimov V.N. Effect of Melatonin and Pineal Tetrapeptide Epitalon on Chemically Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. // International Symposium on “Melatonin: clinical significance and therapeutic application”. - Polanica Zdroj, Poland. - Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2001. - Vol. 22. - P. 292-293. (n.d.)syn
[173] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G., Malinin V.V. Biological properties and therapeutic application of the synthetic pineal gland tetrapeptide. // 2nd European Congress on Biogerontology. - Saint Petersburg. - Abstr.: Advances on biogerontology. - 2000. - Vol. 5. - P. 55. (2000)syn
[176] Kozlov C., Khavinson V., Schanin V., Malinin V. Epithalamin lowers acute ischemia incidence after PTCA. // 2nd International Meeting of the Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center. Abstr.: - 2000. - P. 266. (2000)ext
[183] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Epithalamin-based correction of anti-oxidation defence in the elderly. // Abstr. of the IVth European Congress of Gerontology. - Berlin. - Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. - 1999. - Band 32, Suppl. 2. - P. II/9. (1999)ext
[184] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of age-associated pathology using peptide bioregulators - epithalamin and thymalin. // Abstr. of the Pan-American Congress on Gerontology and Geriatrics. - San Antonio, USA. - 1999. - P. 46. (1999)ext
[189] Kvetnoy I.M., Poupuchiev V.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Yuzhakov V.V. Interactions in Pinealectomized Animals: The Role of Extrapineal Melatonin. // Neuroimmunomodulation. - 1999. - Vol. 6, N 6. - P. 450. (1999)untag
[193] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin as a potent geroprotector: results of 25-years' studies. // Abstr. of the 1st European Congress of Biogerontology. - Helsingor, Denmark. - 1998. - P. 62. (1998)ext
[195] Anisimov V.N., Mylnikov S.V., Khavinson V.Kh. The Pineal Peptide Preparation, Epithalamin, Slows Aging in _Drosophila melanogaster_, Mice, and Rats. // Annals of New York Academy of Sciences. - 1998. - Vol. 854. - P. 481. (1998)ext
[197] Khavinson V., Morozov V., Malinin V. Mechanism of action of pineal gland and thymus peptide bioregulators in the ageing process. // Abstr. of the 1st European Congress of Biogerontology. - Helsingor, Denmark. - 1998. - P. 61. (1998)ext
[199] Shutak T., Khavinson V., Shustov S., Romanshevsky B. The influence of epithalamin on glucose metabolism in elderly patients with non-insulin-dependant diabetes. // Abstr. of the IVth Congress of the Clinical Section, European Region, International Association of Gerontology Societas Gerontologica Fennica "Evidence - based medicine in the elderly". - Helsinki, Finland. - 1998. - P. 36-37. (n.d.)ext
[202] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Results of 25-years study of pineal peptide preparation epithalamin in experimental gerontology. // Abstr. 16th Congress of the International Association of Gerontology. - Adelaide, South Australia. - 1997. - P. 512 (1565). (1997)ext
[203] Anisimov V.N., Mylnikov S.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin slow down aging in D. Melanogaster, mice and rats. // Abstr. of the 7th Congress International Association of Biomedical Gerontology (IABG). - Adelaida, Australia. - Age. - 1997. - Vol. 20, N 3. - P. 186. (1997)ext
[207] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Epithalamin and its application in geriatric practice. // Abstr. of the International conference on biomedical aspects of aging research. - Venice, Italy. - 1997. - OT-4: P-65. (1997)ext
[208] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Experimental and clinical study of the pineal gland preparation epithalamin. // Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. - 1997. - Vol. 12, N 6. - P. 424. (1997)ext
[209] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Experimental and clinical study of the pineal gland preparation Epithalamin. // Abstr. Third International Conference “The pineal gland and cancer”. - Blaubeuren - 1997. (1997)ext
[210] Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G., Anisimov V.N. Results of 25-year studies of physiological effects of pineal peptide drug epithalamin. // Rezumate Al II-lea Congres National de Gerontologie si Geriatrie. - Bucuresti. -1997. - P. 226. (1997)ext
[215] Anisimov V.N., Arutjunvan A.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Antioxidative effect of Epithalamin and Melatonin. // International Congress “Oxidative Stress and Redox Regulation: Cellular Signaling, AIDS, Cancer and other diseases”. - Paris. - 1996. - P. 206. (1996)ext
[221] Anisimov V., Bondarenko L., Butenko G., Khavinson V., Kozhemyakin A., Labunets I., Valeev R., Zhukova O. Effect of pineal peptide preparation on hormonal patterns in young and old rats. // Sovenir International Workshop on the pineal gland: its molecular signals. - Varanasi, India. - 1993. - P. 43. (1993)ext
[222] Anisimov V.N., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. Twenty years of study on effects of pineal peptide preparation epithalamin in experimental gerontology and oncology. // Aging Clin. Exp. Res. - 1993. - Vol. 5, N 5. - P. 410. (1993)ext
[226] Anisimov V.N., Bondarenko L.A., Khavinson V.Kh. Effect of pineal peptide preparation (epithalamin) on life span and pineal and serum melatonin level in old rats. // 4th International Congress of International Association of Biomedical Gerontology. - Ancona, Italy. - Abstr.- 1991. - P. 238. (1991)ext
[228] Vaskovsky B.V., Kishinevsky R.N., Mikhaleva I.I., Ivanov V.T., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G., Anisimov V.N. Bioactive peptides from bovine pineal gland and bone marrow extracts. // 8th Symposium on Chemistry of Peptides and Proteins. - Abstr. - 1991. - P. 29. (1991)ext
[231] Anisimov V.N., Bondarenko L.A., Khavinson V.Kh., Morozov V.G. The Pineal Peptides: Interaction with Indoles and the Role in Aging and Cancer. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 1989. - Vol. 11, N 5. - P. 235. (1989)untag
Independent (non-Khavinson) studies
Epitalon (AEDG) — Independent study — Biogerontology, 2025, PMID 40908429
in-vitro
Brunel University London · Biogerontology · PMID 40908429
Result: Independent Western lab confirmed telomere extension in normal human cells via hTERT upregulation. Also found ALT (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres) activation in breast cancer cell lines but NOT normal cells — a mechanism distinction absent from all vendor marketing.
Significance: First independent non-Russian confirmation of Epitalon's core mechanism. Also opened the cancer-cell ALT question.
Epitalon — Gatta et al. 2025, retinal wound healing, with Khavinson Institute co-authorship
in-vitro
Result:
Significance: Second Western mechanistic confirmation — restored wound healing in retinal cells under high glucose. Partially independent (Khavinson co-author).
Epitalon — FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, July 24 2026
independent
Result: FDA staff recommended AGAINST listing. Quote: 'not well-characterized', 'no clinical data to support safety of epitalon when used in humans', 'epitalon has been shown to activate telomerase and lengthen telomeres, and longer telomeres are generally associated with increased risk for cancer.' Committee voted 7-4-1 to recommend listing anyway, over FDA objection.
Significance: First formal Western regulatory review. FDA skepticism on the public record.
Reddit meta-scrape
5 dedicated posts in harvested corpus + 6 experience threads from web search. Most-discussed Khavinson compound on Reddit.
Positive reports
Telomere test showed improvement — user measured SpectraCell before/after, reported bp increase (r/Peptides, Nov 2019, r/dsl0rq). One of very few MEASURED reports.
Follow-up post (r/Nootropics, r/65rd0q): user reported telomere length sustained 8-10 months post-treatment. Second MEASURED report.
Insomnia: 'It has essentially fixed my lifelong insomnia when nothing else worked... I fall asleep easier now but it really shines when I wake up' (300mcg/day, r/Peptides r/17t8bro comment). Strong subjective report, no measurement.
Circadian rhythm improvement consistently reported. Sleep quality is the most common positive.
Neutral / no-effect
Multiple 'did nothing noticeable' reports in r/Peptides experience threads.
Community consensus: effects are subtle if present at all.
Negative reports
One user reported cloudy solution after reconstitution clogging needles (r/Nootropics, r/4vk596 comments) — preparation issue, not safety.
No serious adverse effects reported in any thread reviewed.
MEASURED vs VIBE: 2 measured (telomere tests) out of ~20+ subjective reports across all threads. The measured reports are positive but n=2. Overwhelmingly vibe-based.
Common protocol: Common protocol: 5-10mg/day SQ x 10-20 days, 1-3x/year. Some users run 250-300mcg/day continuously. No consensus on optimal cycling.
Key takeaway: The only Khavinson peptide with MEASURED user telomere data (2 positive reports). Sleep/circadian improvement is the dominant subjective claim. Most users did not measure anything.
Telomere length pre/post — SpectraCell qPCR (~$259) or Life Length HT-Q-FISH (~$300–400). Triplicate samples, 12-month interval, fasting draw, same lab, same assay both draws. NOT "I sleep better."