Extract vs synthetic gap: the human outcome data (including the
266-patient mortality cohort) was collected on extracts; vendors sell synthetic fragments.
No head-to-head trial exists — evidence does not transfer between them.
Details →
Khavinson studies (16 matched, 2001–2014)
Keyword-filtered from the 472-publication database (khavinson.info). EXTRACT/SYNTHETIC
tags are title-text heuristics — verification is on the reader. Full tag legend:
evidence-tiers.html
[3] Khavinson V.Kh., Neroev V.V., Trofimova S.V., Osokina Yu.Yu. Unique method for restoration of retinal functions in case of different diseases. // SPb. - 2011. - 32 p. (2011)syn
[73] Khavinson V.Kh., Pronyaeva V.E., Linkova N.S., Trofimova S.V., Umnov R.S. Molecular-Physiological Aspects of Peptide Regulation of the Function of the Retina in Retinitis Pigmentosa. // Human Physiology. - 2014. - Vol. 40, N 1. - P. 153-158. (2014)untag
[83] Khavinson V.Kh., Pronyaeva V.E., Linkova N.S., Trofimova S.V. Peptidergic Regulation of Differentiation of Embryonic Retinal Cells. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine). - 2013. - Vol. 155, N 1. - P. 172-174. (2013)untag[PDF]
[156] Khavinson V.Kh., Zemchikhina V.N., Trofimova S.V., Malinin V.V. Effect of Peptides on Proliferative Activity of Retinal and Pigmented Epithelial Cells. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2003. - Vol. 135, N 6. - P. 597-599. (2003)syn
[172] Khavinson V.Kh., Malinin V.V., Trofimova S.V., Zemchikhina V.N. Inductive Activity of Retinal Peptides. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 134, N 5. - P. 482-484. (2002)ext
[173] Khavinson V.Kh., Razumovskii M.I., Trofimova S.V., Grigor’yan R.A., Chaban T.V., Oleinik T.L., Razumovskaya A.M. Effect of Epithalon on Age-Specific Changes in the Retina in Rats with Hereditary Pigmentary Dystrophy. // Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. - 2002. - Vol. 133, N 1. - P. 87-89. (2002)syn
[174] Khavinson V., Razumovsky M., Trofimova S., Grigorian R., Razumovskaya A. Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa. // Neuroendocrinology Letters. - 2002. - Vol. 23, N 4. - P. 365-368. (2002)syn
[107] Trofimova S.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Razumovsky M.I. The study of retinoprotective effect of synthetic retinal peptide on experimental model of retinitis pigmentosa in campbell rats. // 2007 Asia-Arvo meeting on research in vision and ophthalmology. - Singapore. - Abstr. book. - 2007. - P. 102. (2007)syn
[108] Zemchikhina V.N., Lopashov G.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Malinin V.V., Trofimova S.V. Inductive Activity of Retinal Peptides. // 2 th Shanghai International Conference on Physiological Biophysics - Audition and Vision 2006. - Shanghai, China - Abstr. book. - 2006. - P. 166. (2006)untag
[128] Trofimova S.V., Khavinson V.Kh., Razumovsky M.I., Razumovskaya A.M. Study of the retina-protective effect of epitalon in campbell rats. // First Seri-Arvo meeting on research in Vision and Ophthalmology. - Singapore. - Program and abstr. - 2003. - P. 105. (2003)syn
[140] Khavinson V., Razumovsky M., Trofimova S., Razumovskaya A. Effect of peptide epitalon on the functional activity and morphologic structure of the retina in campbell rats with retinitis pigmentosa. // 4 th International Symposium on Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics - ISOPP. - Seville, Spain. - Program and abstr. - 2002. - P. 10. (n.d.)syn
[143] Trofimova S., Chalisova N., Khavinson V. Tissue-specific effect of retinal peptides in tissue culture of rats of different age. // 3 rd European Congress of Biogerontology. The Biogerontological Basis of Preventive Medicine and Geriatric Practice. - Florence and Montecatini Terme, Italy. - Abstr.: Biogerontology. - 2002. - Vol. 3, Suppl. 1. - P. 114-115. (n.d.)untag
[145] Trofimova S., Khavinson V. Application of retinalamin in exudative age-related macular degeneration. // 4 th International Symposium on Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics - ISOPP. - Seville, Spain. - Program and abstr. - 2002. - P. 7. (2002)ext
[147] Trofimova S., Neroev V., Khavinson V. Effect of a synthetic retinal peptide in the treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. // XV International Congress of Eye Research. - Geneva, Switzerland. - Proc. - 2002. - P. 73. (2002)syn
[160] Maksimov I.B., Khavinson V.Kh., Moshetova L.K., Sidorovitsh A.L., Kolesnikov D.O. Use of retinal preparation retinalamin for improvement of visual functions in patients with myopia during conduction photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). // 17 th annual NIDEK International Excimer Laser Symposium. - Monaco. - Abstr. - 2001. - P. 27. (n.d.)ext
[166] Trofimova S.V., Khavinson V.Kh. Effect of Retinalamin and Cortexin on the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. // 17 th World Congress of the International Association of Gerontology. - Vancouver, Canada. - Abstr.: Gerontology. - 2001. - Vol. 47, Suppl. 1. - P. 430-431. (2001)ext
Independent (non-Khavinson) studies
None catalogued. To date there are zero independent Western human trials of any Khavinson compound, in any year. Independent in-vitro data exists for Epitalon only (two 2025 studies). If a study belongs here, add it to non-khavinson-research.json and rebuild.
Reddit meta-scrape
1 comment found (r/15qv2om): 'Used Visoluten, no longer need glasses for night vision. I'm a truck driver, no placebo-ing your way out of that one in my position.' (17 upvotes)
Positive reports
One user (truck driver) reported night vision improvement — the most specific functional claim for any Khavinson compound on Reddit.
MEASURED vs VIBE: 0 measured. The truck-driver claim is compelling anecdotally but unmeasured (no OCT data posted).
Common protocol: Retinalamin/Visoluten: IM daily x 10 days.
Key takeaway: One compelling anecdote (truck driver, night vision). No measured data. The Russian ophthalmology literature is more substantial than Reddit.